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Novo Brdo Fortress
Novo Brdo Fortress ((セルビア語:Тврђава Ново Брдо, ''Tvrđava Novo Brdo''); (アルバニア語:Kalaja e Novoberdës)) is a medieval fortress in Kosovo. Its ruins are located near the town of Novo Brdo, about 20 km from Pristina and 30 – 35 km from Gnjilane. The fortress was built in the early 14th century to protect gold, silver, iron and lead mines which were abundant throughout the area. Novo Brdo was famous for its silver. Together with the castles of Prizrenac 12 km to the southwest and Prilepac 13 km to the southeast, which guard access roads to the fortress, Novo Brdo helped form a defensive complex overlooking the lucrative mining operations. Novo Brdo was at its height during the Serbian Despotate (1402–1459), when it was the most important mining area and second most important town in Serbia. A significant number of Saxon miners and a large merchant colony from Republic of Ragusa lived within the town. The town had its voivode but also its governor (kefalia), because it was a seat of administrative unit of despotate.
For its fortress and production of silver and gold, Novo Brdo has been referred to as the "''Mother of all Serbian cities''", a "''mountain of gold and silver''",〔Critobulus, De rebus gestis Mechemetis II. inde ab anno 1451 usque ad annum 1467〕 and the "''strongest fortification of Serbia''".〔, John of Capistrano, in a letter of 21 June 1455 to Roman pope Callixtus III: "''Turkish emperor Muhammad took the strongest Serbian city called Novo Brdo, where are mines of gold and silver, that brought their master despot Đurađ income of 120,000 ducats per year.''"〕 Systematic archaeological research of the site began in 1952. Novo Brdo Fortress was declared a Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1948. After Kosovo's declaration of independence, the site was established as a Special Protective Zone of Kosovo. Remains of fortifications, buildings, and mining facilities are scattered throughout the area. Constant illegal digging to find buried treasure, plundering, and amateur excavations are destroying valuable archaeological strata.〔Alma Lama, ("Foreign Raiders Plunder Kosovo's Heritage" ), BCR Issue 561, 2 August 2005〕
== Etymology ==
Novo Brdo means ''New Hill'' in Serbian. Other names for Novo Brdo in written sources are either translations or are derived from the name in Serbian. Some of them are: ''Nowobordo'', ''Nowebordo'', ''Novus Mons'', ''Novomonte'', ''Monte Novo'', ''Nyeberghe'', ''Novaberde'', ''Νοβόπριδον''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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